Serial ATA technology.

Introduced in the mid 1980s, the Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) interconnect soon became the industry-standard parallel input/output bus interface for connecting internal storage devices. Ultra ATA, which builds on the original parallel ATA interface, has become the most commonly used type of interconnect.

But in recent years, sharing digital video and audio files over high-speed networks and other data-intensive uses has placed greater demands on hard drives, optical drives and media-storage peripherals. So, not surprisingly, Ultra ATA now faces competition from a new technology - Serial ATA.

As the name implies, this new interconnect uses a serial bus architecture instead of a parrallel one. Serial ATA currently supports speeds up to 150 MBps. Further enhancements aim to boost rates as high as 600 MBps.

Compared with Ultra ATA, Serial ATA offers distinct advantages, including a point-to-point topology that enables you to dedicate 150 MBps to each connected device. Each channel can work independently and, unlike the "master-slave" shared bus of Ultra ATA, there's no drive contention or interface bandwidth sharing.

Compared with Ultra ATA's parallel bus design, Serial ATA requires a single signal path for sending data bits and a second path for receiving acknowledgement data. Each path travels across a 2-wire differential pair, and the bus contains four signal lines per channel. Fewer interface signals means the interconnect cable requires less board space.

Serial ATA also uses thinner cables (no more than 6.3mm wide) that are available in longer lengths (up to 1 metre) as well as an improved connector design to reduce crosstalk. It also offers hot-swappable capabilities.

Although Serial ATA can't interface directly with earlier Ultra ATA devices, it complies fully with the ATA protocol, so software between the two interconnects is compatible.

Learn more:
M1 - Display Interface System.